https://web.archive.org/web/20220114194604/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Dolto #alternate Edit this page Wikipedia (en) Franc,oise Dolto From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search French pediatrician & psychoanalyst Franc,oise Dolto Born Franc,oise Marette (1908-11-06)November 6, 1908 Paris, France Died August 25, 1988(1988-08-25) (aged 79) Paris, France Resting place Bourg-la-Reine Nationality French Spouse(s) Boris Dolto Children 3, including Carlos Scientific career Fields Pediatrics, psychoanalysis Franc,oise Dolto (French: [dOlto]; November 6, 1908 - August 25, 1988) was a French pediatrician and psychoanalyst. [ ] Contents * 1 Biography * 2 Psychoanalysis * 3 Death * 4 Bibliography + 4.1 Secondary literature + 4.2 Critical literature * 5 See also * 6 References Biography[edit] Born as Franc,oise Marette, she was the daughter of an affluent far-right royalist family of traditional Catholics in Paris. Her Alsatian mother, Suzanne Demmler, was the daughter of an engineer, and Henri Marette, her father, was also a Polytechnic engineer who became an industrialist. She was the fourth child of a family of seven. Her brother Jacques Marette (1922-1984), was French Postmaster (minister of Posts and Telecommunications) from 1962 to 1967. An Irish nurse frequently took care of her when she was a baby; her parents then had to learn to speak English to get her to smile. Her parents fired the nurse when she was 8 months old. Dolto's very traditional upbringing, which Elisabeth Roudinesco described as "very Catholic, extreme right-wing", reflected the values of Charles Maurras. Her personal tutor was trained in the methods of Friedrich Froebel. When she was eight her uncle and godfather Pierre Demmler died in World War I. When she was twelve, she was very affected by the death of her older sister Jacqueline, her mother's favorite child. Her mother sank into a depression and accused her of not praying hard enough for her sister's life. Dolto's mother felt that a girl had no other prospects than marriage and therefore forbade her to pursue her studies. At sixteen she had to confront her mother, who did not want her to pass her baccalaureate because she would then not be able to get married. Nevertheless, Dolto attended the Lycee Moliere in Paris where she graduated in philosophy in 1924-1925. In 1930 she obtained a nursing degree. A year later, she began her medical studies with her brother Philip, "paying for her studies with the money she earns".^[1] Dolto was named by Michel Foucault as one of the prominent signatories of the 1977 French petition against age of consent laws.^[2] Franc,oise Dolto was the mother of Carlos (1943-2008), a singer, Gregoire (1944-), an engineer, and Catherine (1946-). Psychoanalysis[edit] In 1932, Marc Schlumberger [fr] introduced Dolto to psychoanalyst Rene Laforgue, who had already begun to treat her brother Philip a year earlier. She participated thereby in the beginnings of French Freudianism. At the end of February 1934, she began a three-year analysis with Laforgue, which had a major impact on her life,^[3] helping to free her of her neurosis - of her education, her origin, and her depressive mother. Laforgue found that Dolto had an aptitude for analysis, and advised her to become a psychoanalyst, something which she at first rejected in favor of devoting herself to medicine. During her medical training, working under Dr. Georges Heuyer, she met Sophie Morgenstern, who was the first to practice psychoanalysis with children in France, and who would subsequently be a mentor for her.^[4] She listened to the sick children who came to her for treatment, Dolto began (with the encouragement of Edouard Pichon) to specialise in child psychology, as a psychoanalytic pediatrician.^[5] Her patients were mostly children with psychoses, with whom she began to develop her own idiosyncratic kind of treatment.^[6] Her speciality was learning about the early mental stages of babies and children, notably their first experiences and methods of communication through their body. She emphasized the physical aspects of the mother-baby dyad, and stressed the importance of observation and understanding of the means of communication used by children with psychological problems, or learning and social disabilities. Her work on the unconscious body image - on the way children have a body-language before actual language - has been especially influential,^[7] being developed by, among others, Maud Mannoni. Recently her work was translated into English by Francoise Hivernel.^[8] Dolto was a close friend and ally of Jacques Lacan, who she accompanied into the "Ecole Freudienne de Paris". She considered that "it was among those analysed by Lacan that I found those best able to understand children and...ready to understand the needs of a child, even a very young one, as a subject with a desire to express".^[9] Dolto was opposed to abortion law,^[10] although in 1942 she collaborated with eugenics proponent Alexis Carrel.^[11] Death[edit] Grave of Franc,oise Dolto Dolto contracted pulmonary fibrosis in 1984. She died on 25 August 1988 and was buried in the cemetery at Bourg-la-Reine alongside her husband Boris Dolto. This is also the burial place of their son, the singer Carlos, who died in 2008. On her tomb stone is inscribed: "Have no fear!"^[12] Bibliography[edit] * Psychanalyse et pediatrie, medical thesis, 1971 * Le Cas Dominique, Editions du Seuil (ed. du Seuil), Paris, 1971; engl. Dominique: Analysis of an Adolescent, Souvenir Press, 1974 * L'Evangile au risque de la psychanalyse (interviewed by Gerard Severin, philosopher, theologian, psychanalyst), ed. Jean-Pierre Delarge [fr], 1977 * Au jeu du desir, ed. du Seuil, Paris, 1981 * Seminaire de psychanalyse d'enfants (coop. Louis Caldagues), ed. du Seuil, Paris, 1982, ISBN 2-02-006274-7 * Sexualite feminine, ed. Scarabee/A. M. Metailie, 1982 * L'image inconsciente du corps, ed. du Seuil, Paris, 1984. ISBN 2-02-018302-1 Seminaire de psychanalyse d'enfants (coop. Jean-Franc,ois de Sauverzac), ed. du Seuil, Paris, 1985, ISBN 2-02-008980-7 Solitude, ed. Vertiges, Paris, 1985, ISBN 2-86896-026-X La Cause des enfants, ed. Robert Laffont, Paris, 1985, ISBN 2-221-04285-9 Enfances, Paris, 1986 Libido feminine, ed. Carrere, Paris, 1987 L'Enfant du miroir (with Juan David Nasio), ed. Rivages, Paris, 1987, ISBN 2-86930-056-5 La Cause des adolescents, ed. Robert Laffont, Paris, 1988 Quand les parents se separent (coop. Ines de Angelino), ed. du Seuil, Paris, 1988, ISBN 2-02-010298-6; engl. When Parents Separate, David R Godine Pub, 1997 L'Echec scolaire, ed. Vertiges du Nord, 1989 Autoportrait d'une psychanalyste, ed. du Seuil, Paris, 1989 Paroles pour adolescents ou le complexe du homard, ed. Hattier, 1989 Lorsque l'enfant parait, ed. du Seuil, Paris, 1990 Les Etapes majeures de l'enfance, ed. Gallimard, Paris, 1994 Les Chemins de l'education, ed. Gallimard, Paris, 1994 La Difficulte de vivre, ed. Gallimard, Paris, 1995 Tout est langage, ed. Gallimard, Paris, 1995 Le sentiment de soi : aux sources de l'image et du corps, ed. Gallimard, Paris, 1997 Le Feminin, ed. Gallimard, Paris, 1998 La vague et l'ocean : seminaire sur les pulsions de mort (1970-1971), ed. Gallimard, Paris, 2003 Lettres de jeunesse : correspondance, 1913-1938, ed. Gallimard, Paris; revized and augmented in 2003, ISBN 2-07-073261-4 Une vie de correspondances : 1938-1988, ed. Gallimard, Paris, 2005, ISBN 2-07-074256-3 Une psychanalyste dans la cite. L'aventure de la Maison verte, ed. Gallimard, Paris, 2009, ISBN 978-2-07-012257-8 Secondary literature[edit] * Jean-Franc,ois de Sauverzac, Franc,oise Dolto itineraire d'une psychanalyste, ed. Aubier, 1993, pocket edition: Flammarion 2008, ISBN 2-08-121798-8 Jean-Claude Liaudet, Dolto expliquee aux parents, ed. L'Archipel, Paris, 1998. Traductions : A crianc,a explicada aos pais [Segundo Dolto], ed. Pergaminho, Cascais (Portugal), 2000 ; Dolto para padres, Plaza & Janes editores, Barcelona (Espagne), 2000 Bernard Martino, Le bebe est une personne, ed. Balland, Paris, 1985 Franc,oise Dolto, aujourd'hui presente, in Actes du colloque de l'Unesco, pp. 14-17 janvier 1999, ed. Gallimard, Paris, 2000 Catherine Dolto, Il y a 10 ans la psychanalyste des enfants disparaissait Catherine Dolto-Tolitch parle de l'apres Dolto, Ed. Lien social, Numero 467, 17 decembre 1998. Theory and Practise in Child Psychoanalysis: An Introduction to Francoise Dolto's Work, ed. by Guy Hall, Francoise Hivernel, Sian Morgan, Karnac Books, 2009, ISBN 1-85575-574-2 Rene-Jean Bouyer: Les Memoires d'un bebe : Un siecle d'education de l'enfant de Pasteur `a Dolto, Jean-Claude Gawsewitch, 2010, ISBN 2-35013-232-3 Critical literature[edit] * Guy Baret, Comment rater l'education de son enfant avec Franc,oise Dolto. Ed. Ramsay, 2003 * Le livre noir de la psychanalyse. Vivre, penser et aller mieux sans Freud. direction by Catherine Meyer, edition Les Arenes, Paris, 2005 * Daniela Lumbroso, Franc,oise Dolto, la vie d'une femme libre, edition Plon, Paris, 2007 * Didier Pleux : + Generation Dolto, editions Odile Jacob, Paris, 2008 + Franc,oise Dolto, la deraison pure., Preface by Michel Onfray. Editions Autrement, Collection << Universites populaires et Cie >>, 2013 + La Revolution du divan: Pour une psychologie existentielle. Editions Odile Jacob, 2015 * Sabine Gritt Un foetus mal leche.Trois ans avec Dolto., editions sciences humaines, 2015 See also[edit] * Juliette Favez-Boutonnier References[edit] 1. ^ Elisabeth Roudinesco, Histoire de la psychanalyse en France, Paris, Seuil, 1986, p. 169. 2. ^ Sexual Morality and the Law, Chapter 16 of Politics, Philosophy, Culture -Interviews and Other Writings 1977-1984. Edited by Lawrence D. Krizman. New York/London: 1990, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-90149-9, p.275 3. ^ E. Roudinesco, Jacques Lacan (2005) p. 235 4. ^ Elisabeth Roudinesco et Michel Plon, , Paris, Fayard, 2011, p. 340 5. ^ E. Roudinesco, Jacques Lacan (2005) p. 237-8 6. ^ Elisabeth Roudinesco, Histoire de la Psychoanalyse en France, ed. du Seuil, Paris, 1986, Vol. 2, pp.169-170. 7. ^ Dolto 8. ^ Dolto, Francoise (2013). Psychoanalysis and Paediatrics. Key Psychoanalytical concepts with sixteen Clinical Observations of Children. Karnac, London. p. 239. ISBN 978-1855758124. 9. ^ Quoted in E. Roudinesco, Jacques Lacan (2005) p. 237-8 10. ^ Franc,oise Dolto, Les retentissements imperceptibles de l'avortement, << Sexualite feminine, libido, erotisme, frigidite >>, Livre de Poche, p. 349-357 11. ^ Joy Damousi et Mariano Ben Plotkin, Psychoanalysis and Politics: Histories of Psychoanalysis Under Conditions of Restricted Political Freedom, Oxford University Press, 2012, pages 42-43 12. ^ Guillerault, Gerard (2008). Comprendre Dolto: Une ethique positive du desir. Armand Colin. p. 38. 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