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Franc,oise Dolto
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French pediatrician & psychoanalyst
Franc,oise Dolto
Born
Franc,oise Marette
(1908-11-06)November 6, 1908
Paris, France
Died August 25, 1988(1988-08-25) (aged 79)
Paris, France
Resting place Bourg-la-Reine
Nationality French
Spouse(s) Boris Dolto
Children 3, including Carlos
Scientific career
Fields Pediatrics, psychoanalysis
Franc,oise Dolto (French: [dOlto]; November 6, 1908 - August 25, 1988)
was a French pediatrician and psychoanalyst.
[ ]
Contents
* 1 Biography
* 2 Psychoanalysis
* 3 Death
* 4 Bibliography
+ 4.1 Secondary literature
+ 4.2 Critical literature
* 5 See also
* 6 References
Biography[edit]
Born as Franc,oise Marette, she was the daughter of an affluent
far-right royalist family of traditional Catholics in Paris. Her
Alsatian mother, Suzanne Demmler, was the daughter of an engineer, and
Henri Marette, her father, was also a Polytechnic engineer who became
an industrialist. She was the fourth child of a family of seven. Her
brother Jacques Marette (1922-1984), was French Postmaster (minister of
Posts and Telecommunications) from 1962 to 1967.
An Irish nurse frequently took care of her when she was a baby; her
parents then had to learn to speak English to get her to smile. Her
parents fired the nurse when she was 8 months old. Dolto's very
traditional upbringing, which Elisabeth Roudinesco described as "very
Catholic, extreme right-wing", reflected the values of Charles Maurras.
Her personal tutor was trained in the methods of Friedrich Froebel.
When she was eight her uncle and godfather Pierre Demmler died in World
War I. When she was twelve, she was very affected by the death of her
older sister Jacqueline, her mother's favorite child. Her mother sank
into a depression and accused her of not praying hard enough for her
sister's life. Dolto's mother felt that a girl had no other prospects
than marriage and therefore forbade her to pursue her studies. At
sixteen she had to confront her mother, who did not want her to pass
her baccalaureate because she would then not be able to get married.
Nevertheless, Dolto attended the Lycee Moliere in Paris where she
graduated in philosophy in 1924-1925. In 1930 she obtained a nursing
degree. A year later, she began her medical studies with her brother
Philip, "paying for her studies with the money she earns".^[1]
Dolto was named by Michel Foucault as one of the prominent signatories
of the 1977 French petition against age of consent laws.^[2]
Franc,oise Dolto was the mother of Carlos (1943-2008), a singer,
Gregoire (1944-), an engineer, and Catherine (1946-).
Psychoanalysis[edit]
In 1932, Marc Schlumberger [fr] introduced Dolto to psychoanalyst Rene
Laforgue, who had already begun to treat her brother Philip a year
earlier. She participated thereby in the beginnings of French
Freudianism. At the end of February 1934, she began a three-year
analysis with Laforgue, which had a major impact on her life,^[3]
helping to free her of her neurosis - of her education, her origin, and
her depressive mother. Laforgue found that Dolto had an aptitude for
analysis, and advised her to become a psychoanalyst, something which
she at first rejected in favor of devoting herself to medicine.
During her medical training, working under Dr. Georges Heuyer, she met
Sophie Morgenstern, who was the first to practice psychoanalysis with
children in France, and who would subsequently be a mentor for her.^[4]
She listened to the sick children who came to her for treatment, Dolto
began (with the encouragement of Edouard Pichon) to specialise in child
psychology, as a psychoanalytic pediatrician.^[5] Her patients were
mostly children with psychoses, with whom she began to develop her own
idiosyncratic kind of treatment.^[6]
Her speciality was learning about the early mental stages of babies and
children, notably their first experiences and methods of communication
through their body. She emphasized the physical aspects of the
mother-baby dyad, and stressed the importance of observation and
understanding of the means of communication used by children with
psychological problems, or learning and social disabilities. Her work
on the unconscious body image - on the way children have a
body-language before actual language - has been especially
influential,^[7] being developed by, among others, Maud Mannoni.
Recently her work was translated into English by Francoise
Hivernel.^[8]
Dolto was a close friend and ally of Jacques Lacan, who she accompanied
into the "Ecole Freudienne de Paris". She considered that "it was among
those analysed by Lacan that I found those best able to understand
children and...ready to understand the needs of a child, even a very
young one, as a subject with a desire to express".^[9]
Dolto was opposed to abortion law,^[10] although in 1942 she
collaborated with eugenics proponent Alexis Carrel.^[11]
Death[edit]
Grave of Franc,oise Dolto
Dolto contracted pulmonary fibrosis in 1984. She died on 25 August 1988
and was buried in the cemetery at Bourg-la-Reine alongside her husband
Boris Dolto. This is also the burial place of their son, the singer
Carlos, who died in 2008. On her tomb stone is inscribed: "Have no
fear!"^[12]
Bibliography[edit]
* Psychanalyse et pediatrie, medical thesis, 1971
* Le Cas Dominique, Editions du Seuil (ed. du Seuil), Paris, 1971;
engl. Dominique: Analysis of an Adolescent, Souvenir Press, 1974
* L'Evangile au risque de la psychanalyse (interviewed by Gerard
Severin, philosopher, theologian, psychanalyst), ed. Jean-Pierre
Delarge [fr], 1977
* Au jeu du desir, ed. du Seuil, Paris, 1981
* Seminaire de psychanalyse d'enfants (coop. Louis Caldagues), ed. du
Seuil, Paris, 1982, ISBN 2-02-006274-7
* Sexualite feminine, ed. Scarabee/A. M. Metailie, 1982
* L'image inconsciente du corps, ed. du Seuil, Paris, 1984.
ISBN 2-02-018302-1
Seminaire de psychanalyse d'enfants (coop. Jean-Franc,ois de
Sauverzac), ed. du Seuil, Paris, 1985, ISBN 2-02-008980-7
Solitude, ed. Vertiges, Paris, 1985, ISBN 2-86896-026-X
La Cause des enfants, ed. Robert Laffont, Paris, 1985,
ISBN 2-221-04285-9
Enfances, Paris, 1986
Libido feminine, ed. Carrere, Paris, 1987
L'Enfant du miroir (with Juan David Nasio), ed. Rivages, Paris, 1987,
ISBN 2-86930-056-5
La Cause des adolescents, ed. Robert Laffont, Paris, 1988
Quand les parents se separent (coop. Ines de Angelino), ed. du Seuil,
Paris, 1988, ISBN 2-02-010298-6; engl. When Parents Separate, David R
Godine Pub, 1997
L'Echec scolaire, ed. Vertiges du Nord, 1989
Autoportrait d'une psychanalyste, ed. du Seuil, Paris, 1989
Paroles pour adolescents ou le complexe du homard, ed. Hattier, 1989
Lorsque l'enfant parait, ed. du Seuil, Paris, 1990
Les Etapes majeures de l'enfance, ed. Gallimard, Paris, 1994
Les Chemins de l'education, ed. Gallimard, Paris, 1994
La Difficulte de vivre, ed. Gallimard, Paris, 1995
Tout est langage, ed. Gallimard, Paris, 1995
Le sentiment de soi : aux sources de l'image et du corps, ed.
Gallimard, Paris, 1997
Le Feminin, ed. Gallimard, Paris, 1998
La vague et l'ocean : seminaire sur les pulsions de mort (1970-1971),
ed. Gallimard, Paris, 2003
Lettres de jeunesse : correspondance, 1913-1938, ed. Gallimard,
Paris; revized and augmented in 2003, ISBN 2-07-073261-4
Une vie de correspondances : 1938-1988, ed. Gallimard, Paris, 2005,
ISBN 2-07-074256-3
Une psychanalyste dans la cite. L'aventure de la Maison verte, ed.
Gallimard, Paris, 2009, ISBN 978-2-07-012257-8
Secondary literature[edit]
* Jean-Franc,ois de Sauverzac, Franc,oise Dolto itineraire d'une
psychanalyste, ed. Aubier, 1993, pocket edition: Flammarion 2008,
ISBN 2-08-121798-8
Jean-Claude Liaudet, Dolto expliquee aux parents, ed. L'Archipel,
Paris, 1998. Traductions : A crianc,a explicada aos pais [Segundo
Dolto], ed. Pergaminho, Cascais (Portugal), 2000 ; Dolto para padres,
Plaza & Janes editores, Barcelona (Espagne), 2000
Bernard Martino, Le bebe est une personne, ed. Balland, Paris, 1985
Franc,oise Dolto, aujourd'hui presente, in Actes du colloque de
l'Unesco, pp. 14-17 janvier 1999, ed. Gallimard, Paris, 2000
Catherine Dolto, Il y a 10 ans la psychanalyste des enfants
disparaissait Catherine Dolto-Tolitch parle de l'apres Dolto, Ed. Lien
social, Numero 467, 17 decembre 1998.
Theory and Practise in Child Psychoanalysis: An Introduction to
Francoise Dolto's Work, ed. by Guy Hall, Francoise Hivernel, Sian
Morgan, Karnac Books, 2009, ISBN 1-85575-574-2
Rene-Jean Bouyer: Les Memoires d'un bebe : Un siecle d'education de
l'enfant de Pasteur `a Dolto, Jean-Claude Gawsewitch, 2010,
ISBN 2-35013-232-3
Critical literature[edit]
* Guy Baret, Comment rater l'education de son enfant avec Franc,oise
Dolto. Ed. Ramsay, 2003
* Le livre noir de la psychanalyse. Vivre, penser et aller mieux sans
Freud. direction by Catherine Meyer, edition Les Arenes, Paris,
2005
* Daniela Lumbroso, Franc,oise Dolto, la vie d'une femme libre,
edition Plon, Paris, 2007
* Didier Pleux :
+ Generation Dolto, editions Odile Jacob, Paris, 2008
+ Franc,oise Dolto, la deraison pure., Preface by Michel Onfray.
Editions Autrement, Collection << Universites populaires et
Cie >>, 2013
+ La Revolution du divan: Pour une psychologie existentielle.
Editions Odile Jacob, 2015
* Sabine Gritt Un foetus mal leche.Trois ans avec Dolto., editions
sciences humaines, 2015
See also[edit]
* Juliette Favez-Boutonnier
References[edit]
1. ^ Elisabeth Roudinesco, Histoire de la psychanalyse en France,
Paris, Seuil, 1986, p. 169.
2. ^ Sexual Morality and the Law, Chapter 16 of Politics, Philosophy,
Culture -Interviews and Other Writings 1977-1984. Edited by
Lawrence D. Krizman. New York/London: 1990, Routledge,
ISBN 0-415-90149-9, p.275
3. ^ E. Roudinesco, Jacques Lacan (2005) p. 235
4. ^ Elisabeth Roudinesco et Michel Plon, , Paris, Fayard, 2011, p.
340
5. ^ E. Roudinesco, Jacques Lacan (2005) p. 237-8
6. ^ Elisabeth Roudinesco, Histoire de la Psychoanalyse en France, ed.
du Seuil, Paris, 1986, Vol. 2, pp.169-170.
7. ^ Dolto
8. ^ Dolto, Francoise (2013). Psychoanalysis and Paediatrics. Key
Psychoanalytical concepts with sixteen Clinical Observations of
Children. Karnac, London. p. 239. ISBN 978-1855758124.
9. ^ Quoted in E. Roudinesco, Jacques Lacan (2005) p. 237-8
10. ^ Franc,oise Dolto, Les retentissements imperceptibles de
l'avortement, << Sexualite feminine, libido, erotisme,
frigidite >>, Livre de Poche, p. 349-357
11. ^ Joy Damousi et Mariano Ben Plotkin, Psychoanalysis and Politics:
Histories of Psychoanalysis Under Conditions of Restricted
Political Freedom, Oxford University Press, 2012, pages 42-43
12. ^ Guillerault, Gerard (2008). Comprendre Dolto: Une ethique
positive du desir. Armand Colin. p. 38.
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